The following story tells of an Anglo-Indian family that was split during the partition of British India and the consequences wrought upon the family in the years thereafter.
An unusual story and one that mirrors the heartfelt wrenching experienced by so many families in the aftermath of partition into two sovereign nations.
The Author, Derek O'Brien is a leading member of Mamta Banerjee's Trinamool Congress.
The O'Briens of India and Pakistan
Thoughts on Independence Day
Each year, on August 15, I find myself thinking of my great-grandmother, my father’s paternal grand-mother. Nellie Bella Biswas, as she was named when born to a Bengali-Christian family with homes in Jalpaiguri and Manicktala, formed part of my earliest memories. She died in 1969, when I was a small schoolboy. Yet even by then she had come to represent an
influential figure for me, the familiar matriarch, caring but firm, who taught the three of us, my brothers and me, to speak Bengali.
To my young mind, Nellie Bella O’Brien, as she became on marrying an Irish settler in India, - symbolised history. She was a walking, talking Monument of history. To my innocent eyes, she seemed to stand for Mother India: a venerable and iconic figure who shed a silent tear in August 1947 as one country became two nations, and a composite society was split forever.
Nellie Bella cried in August 1947, she cried every day from 1947 to 1969. She cried for the line in the sand that Partition drew. She cried for Patrick, her first-born, her beloved son, who stayed on in Lahore.
The narrative of Partition has been written in terms of the subcontinent’s Hindus and Muslims. Christians have had only a small role. Anglo-Indians, the community I belong to and which makes up a minuscule section of India’s Christians have had just a walk-on part.
Yet Partition had a dramatic impact on my extended family. My paternal grandfather, Nellie’s son, was one of three brothers. The eldest of them, Patrick, was a civil servant who worked in Lahore and Peshawar, and served as private secretary to Sir Olaf Caroe, governor of the Northwest Frontier Province. Much of the rest of the family was in Kolkata.
One day, without quite realising its implications, these wings of the O’Brien family became citizens of separate countries. Within months India and Pakistan were at war. Patrick, the son who had stayed on in Pakistan, had two daughters. Their husbands were fighter pilots. As it happened, one of these men ended up in the Indian Air Force and the other in the Pakistan Air Force.
Imagine Nellie’s plight and that of her granddaughter, my father’s cousin. Night after night she stayed up, I’ve been told, wondering if her husband would come home or if her brother in-law, her sister’shusband, was safe or if these two men, comrades and brothers in the same air force till only a few weeks earlier, would aim for each other in the eerie anonymity of the skies.
Thankfully neither died in that war, but a distance emerged. Father and daughter, sister and sister, cousin and cousin, my Indian grandfather and his Pakistani brother, Nellie and Patrick they lost touch.
My brothers and I grew up in a very different environment. We were the Only Christian family in a middle-class, predominantly Bengali-Hindu neighbourhood in Kolkata, living, in one of those ironies that make India just so captivating, in a lane named after a Muslim. We lived in the house Nellie had built in 1938. She was widowed early, left with three sons to bring up. Her training as a doctor, amongst the earliest women to enter medical college in Bengal, came in useful and she established a fulfilling practice.
In the mid-1940s, during the Great Calcutta Killings and the pre-Partition riots, she would walk down by the railway lines, from Sealdah to Ballygunge, tending to the injured. She was never harmed, not by Hindus and not by Muslims. The stethoscope around her neck established her credentials; the determined walk established her purpose. She would not be stopped, she would not be moved.
Nellie Bella O’Brien died at the ripe old age of 78 in 1969. She was surrounded and mourned by her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. All of Jamir Lane, it seemed, turned up for her funeral. She wasn’t just my father’s grandmother, she was everybody’s. The only one missing was Patrick, the son the mother had not seen for 23 years.
Time passed. In 1984, my brother Andy, then a sports journalist, travelled to Karachi for the Hockey Champions Trophy. He was determined to trace the lost O’Briens of Pakistan. Eventually he found them and renewed contact. My father's uncle Patrick was dead, but the rest of the family was still there and greeted their Indian cousin very warmly. They continued to refer to the Jamir Lane residence in Kolkata as home. Nellie was a legend for her grandchildren there as well.
Nevertheless there were sobering realities. Most of my father’s generation and all of the next generation my second cousins had converted to Islam. The pressure had been too much. Being a minority in Pakistan was tough business.
Andy came home and told us the strange and sombre story of the Muslim Anglo-Indian clan or maybe it should be the Muslim Irish-Bengali clan of Lahore and Karachi. We sat in silence, still digesting it. I thought of our life in India, the freedom to go to church, the freedom to practise my faith, the freedom to be myself, the freedom that my country gave its minorities. I’ve never felt prouder of being an Indian.
I think about my cousins in Pakistan now and then. Would they be able to join a mainstream political movement, as I was so willingly accepted as part of Mamata Banerjee’s struggle? Would they find opportunity to go to parliament as regular politicians?
I was fortunate, I guess. I was fortunate Nellie encouraged me to learn Bengali and participate in the para Saraswati Puja celebration of wisdom and learning and to integrate with my larger community. I was fortunate India, and Bengal, allowed me to do this without making unfair demands from me. I was fortunate to have been nurtured by India’s Nellie and Nellie‘s India.
Happy Independence Day!
Derek O'Brien
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